27 Effective Ways to Increase Acetylcholine in the Brain

Acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters. 

It's critical for the optimal functioning of your brain. 

And you’ll definitely want to optimize your levels, especially if you’re looking to improve your memory, attention, sleep and learning abilities. 

Luckily, there are a number of ways you can increase the acetylcholine levels in your brain. 

And this article shares the best strategies with you.  

This post includes six main sections: 

• The benefits of increasing acetylcholine and how it affects brain function 

• The conditions associated with low levels of acetylcholine 

• The best choline supplements you can take to increase acetylcholine production 

• The best foods and nutrients you should eat to raise acetylcholine 

• The best herbal supplements for boosting acetylcholine 

• And the most important hormones for optimal acetylcholine levels 

Continue reading to learn more and discover how you can naturally improve your acetylcholine levels. 

The Benefits of Increasing Acetylcholine and How It Affects Your Brain

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, meaning it’s a chemical messenger released by neurons (nerve cells) to “communicate” with other neurons. 

In 1914, it was the very first neurotransmitter to be identified within the brain (82-83).  

Researchers have found that acetylcholine acts on the entire nervous system and plays a large variety of roles throughout the brain. 

But it’s most commonly associated with improved memory and learning (84-85).  

The brain actually needs enough acetylcholine to form memories. 

Research shows that acetylcholine plays a central role in synaptic plasticity, which is a process in the brain that allows brain cells to store new information and memories (88). 

Scopolamine is a drug that blocks acetylcholine activity, and it’s known to impair learning and memory in both humans and animals (86-87).  

What’s also interesting is that acetylcholine levels have even been shown to rise during REM sleep, which is the stage of sleep when humans “store and consolidate” new memories (89-91).  

But acetylcholine doesn’t just improve your memory and learning abilities.  

New studies suggest it helps you stay awake, alert and focused (92-93).  

In fact, some stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine increase the activity of acetylcholine in the brain, and researchers think acetylcholine may be responsible for the wakefulness-promoting effects of these drugs (94).  

Lastly – but perhaps most importantly – acetylcholine can promote relaxation by stimulating the vagus nerve. 

Research shows that acetylcholine can stimulate vagus nerve activity, which can reduce brain inflammation and improve cognitive function and mental health (95, 99).  

Surprisingly, acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter of the “rest-and-digest” parasympathetic nervous system. It activates the parasympathetic nervous system and counteracts “fight-or-flight” tendencies (96-98).  

Conditions Associated with Low Levels of Acetylcholine

As we get older, acetylcholine activity slowly becomes less and less efficient. Less acetylcholine is released from brain cells, and cells become less sensitive to the acetylcholine that’s released. 

Studies suggest that this is one reason why memory starts to fail in older people (100).  

But besides aging, low acetylcholine levels (and reduced acetylcholine activity in certain areas of the brain) have also been linked to the development and progression of several brain and mental health conditions.  

The biggest link is with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, as people with these conditions often have low acetylcholine levels (101-102). 

In fact, it’s estimated that patients with Alzheimer’s Disease lose 90% of the acetylcholine in their brains (107).  

Research shows that low acetylcholine in the brain can cause cognitive decline and poor memory in people with dementia and Alzheimer's disease.  

And many of the medications that are prescribed to relieve cognitive symptoms and slow down the disease’s progression often work by increasing acetylcholine in the brain and stimulating acetylcholine activity throughout the brain (103-112).  

Parkinson’s disease is another neurodegenerative disorder that is linked to low acetylcholine levels in the brain (113).  

Too little acetylcholine in the brain can also contribute to the poor cognition and psychosis seen in people suffering with schizophrenia (114-115).  

It’s also been found that patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis have lower acetylcholine levels (116).  

Lastly, children with autism may lack acetylcholine in their brain, which can contribute to their intellectual impairment. But increasing acetylcholine can improve cognitive and social symptoms (117-118).  

It’s also important to point out that many prescription medications are anticholinergic, meaning they reduce acetylcholine and inhibit the physiological action of acetylcholine in the brain.  

I used to be on several prescription drugs that were anticholinergic, and I experienced a gradual decline in my cognition. 

But once I started following and implementing some of the steps below, I noticed an improvement in cognitive function since they increased my levels of acetylcholine.  

I still follow much of the advice below because it helps me focus, remember and learn more effectively. 

The Best Choline Supplements to Increase Acetylcholine in the Brain

One of the best and most straightforward approaches to increasing acetylcholine levels is by supplementing with choline. 

Choline is an essential nutrient, meaning it can’t be made by the body. You must consume it through your diet. 

Unfortunately, most people don’t eat enough choline because very few foods in the Western diet contain high amounts of it. 

This is a huge problem because choline is a precursor to acetylcholine. It’s one of the important building blocks that the brain needs to make acetylcholine. You need to eat enough choline to synthesize enough acetylcholine in your brain. 

And in one study, researchers found that a higher intake of choline was associated with better cognitive performance (79).  

There are several types of choline supplements on the market, and many of them claim to increase choline and boost acetylcholine levels in the brain.  

But unfortunately, many of them are not effective at increasing choline levels in the brain and raising acetylcholine.  

I’ve tried all of the main choline supplements over the years.  

And I’ve found the two below to be the most effective and best options.  

That’s why they're now both included in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

1. Citicoline

Citicoline (also known as CDP-Choline) is one of the most bioavailable supplemental forms of choline. 

It has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 

Research shows that citicoline increases choline levels in the brain (1).  

Since choline helps produce acetylcholine, citicoline also increases acetylcholine in the brain (2, 5-6).  

Researchers have found that citicoline increases the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the brain after traumatic brain injury. It also increases the number of acetylcholine receptors in your brain (4,7).  

As a result, supplementing with citicoline can improve cognition, working memory and verbal memory, and attention (80-81).  

Citicoline significantly improves my focus and mental energy. That’s why it’s in the Optimal Brain supplement.  

Make sure you read this article to learn more about the remarkable benefits of Citicoline.

2. Alpha GPC

Alpha GPC is another excellent supplemental form of choline. It’s very effective at reaching the brain and improving cognitive function.  

Researchers have found that Alpha GPC enhances cognition and improves learning and memory by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the brain (8).  

One study found that it increases levels of acetylcholine in the frontal cortex region of the brain, which improves memory, judgment and decision making (10).  

Alpha GPC can also increase the synthesis of acetylcholine in the brain, which can help treat dementia (9).  

Alpha GPC is in Optimal Brain along with citicoline.  

Make sure you read this article to learn more about the remarkable benefits of Alpha GPC, the optimal dosage, and the best way to take it.

The Best Foods and Nutrients to Increase Acetylcholine in the Brain

3. Pantethine

Pantethine is the bioactive form of Vitamin B5.  

It’s the precursor to coenzyme A. And coezyme A plays a key role in the synthesis of acetylcholine. 

So supplementing with pantethine can lead to an increase in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the brain (11-13). 

Researchers have found that chronic alcohol consumption is known to deplete pantethine in the brain. This then inhibits coenzyme A and reduces levels of acetylcholine in all areas of the brain (11-13). 

So it’s best to avoid alcohol if you want to increase your acetylcholine levels. 

And if you do drink alcohol regularly, definitely supplement with pantethine so that you can maintain your acetylcholine levels. 

Pantethine is one of my favourite supplements for energy, focus and motivation.  

That’s why I included it in the Optimal Energy supplement. 

Pantethine is also a key part of Dr. Bredesen’s protocol for preventing dementia.  

4. Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is an acetylated form of the amino acid carnitine.  

It’s been shown to have neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects.  

It’s often used as a natural brain booster by people of all ages because it supports brain cells, enhances cognition, and increases alertness. 

One reason it works so well is because it’s the precursor to acetylcholine and increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain. It also activates acetylcholine receptors in the brain (14-15).  

As a result, researchers believe it should be used to treat cognitive decline (16).  

I find that ALCAR personally gives me a big boost in cognitive energy and resilience. It keeps me motivated to do complex tasks that require optimal brain function.  

It’s included it in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

Make sure you read this article to learn more about the remarkable benefits of ALCAR.

5. Zinc

Zinc is an essential mineral for brain health.  

Unfortunately, it’s estimated that 2 billion people in the world are deficient in zinc, and several studies show that even subclinical zinc deficiency impairs brain function (75-77). 

That’s a huge problem. 

Because studies show that zinc significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down and reduces acetylcholine. As a result, it increases acetylcholine levels (23). 

Researchers have also found that zinc activates acetylcholine receptors in the brain (24-25).  

I created and take the Optimal Zinc supplement to make sure my zinc levels are optimal. I created it because I want to give my clients and readers the very best zinc supplement so that they can experience superior results. I have found that many zinc supplements on the market fall short.  Optimal Zinc includes several other nutrients (co-factors) that increase the absorption of zinc.  

Besides supplementing with zinc, you should also eat plenty of healthy, whole foods that contain zinc. 

Some of the best foods to optimize your zinc levels include:

• Oysters 

• Grass-fed beef 

• Pumpkin seeds 

• Cashews 

• Mushrooms 

• Spinach  

These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health.  

Check out my previous post all about zinc for more steps you can take to increase your zinc levels. 

6. Epigallocatechin Gallate

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenol found in green tea.  

It’s been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. 

Research shows that EGCG improves cognitive function by increasing cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain (26).  

I personally drink organic green tea regularly, usually in place of coffee on days when I’m relaxing. 

However, it’s important to keep in mind that the body isn't very good at absorbing EGCG from green tea and distributing it to the brain and other tissues.  

That's why researchers often use large dosages of concentrated EGCG in their studies instead of green tea.  

But unfortunately, large dosages of concentrated EGCG have been shown to cause liver toxicity.  

So you could supplement with large dosages of concentrated EGCG and see some benefits.  

But you'd be damaging your liver at the same time.  

Not good.  

So what should you do? How do you absorb EGCG and get the amazing benefits of it without damaging your liver?  

You take it with Vitamin C.  

Research shows that you can enhance the absorption and availability of EGCG by taking it with Vitamin C. 

That's why the Optimal Antiox supplement includes a small and safe amount of EGCG, plus 500 mg of Vitamin C.  

This significantly enhances the absorption of EGCG, and ensures you get all the brain and mental health benefits of EGCG (without the harm).  

7. Grape Seed Extract

Grape seed extract is a supplement high in antioxidants that can help prevent memory loss and improve cognitive function.  

Grape seed extract contains high levels of an antioxidant called proanthocyanidin. 

Proanthocyanidin has been shown to increase acetylcholine levels and decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain (27).  

And one study found that taking grape seed extract every day can improve attention and memory (78).  

Grape seed extract is included in Optimal Antiox, and it contains 95% proanthocyanidins so that you get optimal results.

8. Magnesium

Magnesium is a vital mineral that participates in more than 300 biochemical reactions in your body.  

Unfortunately, a lot of people are deficient in magnesium.  

This is a shame because magnesium is absolutely essential for optimal brain function. 

Magnesium has been shown to have a strong accelerating action on the synthesis of acetylcholine (28).  

The mineral also increases the effectiveness of drugs that slow down the breakdown of acetylcholine (29). 

Since most people are deficient, magnesium is one of the three supplements that I think everyone should be taking every day.  

Epsom salt baths are another great way to increase your body’s intake of magnesium. 

You should also make sure you’re eating enough magnesium-rich foods on a regular basis, including:  

• Spinach 

• Chard 

• Pumpkin seeds  

• Almonds  

• Avocado  

• Dark chocolate  

• Bananas  

These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

9. Manganese

Manganese is an important trace mineral for human health. It acts as a cofactor, helping many enzymes carry out their functions in the body. 

Manganese has been shown to increase the synthesis of acetylcholine (30).  

Hazelnuts and macadamia nuts contain high levels of manganese, while leafy green vegetables, tea, chocolate and some fruits contain moderate levels. These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

However, it’s important to note that you shouldn’t consume too much manganese.  

In excess, manganese is neurotoxic and can lead to manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dopaminergic neuronal death and symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.  

So I don’t recommend supplementing with very large doses of manganese.  

The small amount of manganese in Optimal Antiox is fine though.

10. Curcumin

Curcumin is the most heavily researched compound within turmeric, the spice that gives curry its yellow colour.  

It’s one of my favourite natural compounds for the brain. 

One reason is becayse the curcuminoids in turmeric significantly inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing levels in the brain. As a result, turmeric can improve memory and help treat Alzheimer's disease (31).  

Curcumin has also been shown to enhance the activity of acetylcholine in the brain (32-33).  

Curcumin is included in the Optimal Energy supplement. 

Since curcumin is a fat soluble, take it with a fatty meal. 

11. Coffee

Coffee and caffeine are excellent for brain health.  

There is lots of research showing they are very healthy and can lower the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.  

One reason is because they can help optimize acetylcholine levels.  

Research shows that caffeine enhances the release of acetylcholine and increases acetylcholine levels in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, which is the “memory center” of the brain (17-18).  

I recently cut out coffee completely but I used to drink this high-quality coffee. 

You can also just take pure caffeine tablets if you want.

Coffee and caffeine can disrupt sleep though, so make sure you don’t drink it in the evening close to bed.  

Some people like me are really sensitive and have to stop drinking it very early in the day so that it doesn’t disrupt their sleep. I would have my last cup sometime between 10 in the morning and noon. Any later than that and it disrupted my sleep. 

It's also a good idea to try to consume the whole coffee fruit, instead of just coffee or pure caffeine.  

Traditionally, the coffee bean is extracted from the coffee fruit for roasting. And the surrounding fruit is discarded.  

But that’s a problem because the coffee fruit contains several healthy compounds not found in coffee beans themselves.  

And researchers have found that consuming whole coffee fruit concentrate can significantly enhance cognitive functioning.  

That’s why I included coffee fruit in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

12. Eggs

Eggs are one of the richest food sources of choline. 

And research shows that eating eggs can lead to a significant increase in choline levels in the blood and in the brain (19-20).  

I eat at least 3 eggs every day. They are full of nutrients and excellent for brain health. You should try to find pastured eggs from a local farmer in your area.  

Eggs are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

13. Beef Liver

Beef liver is another very rich source of choline. 

And research shows that eating liver can lead to a significant increase in choline levels in the blood and in the brain (19-20). 

Beef liver is one of my three top foods I recommend eating for optimal brain health. 

It’s included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

I don’t like the taste of cooked liver, so I take desiccated beef liver capsules instead.  

14. Uridine

Uridine is a natural compound commonly found in beer. 

I definitely don’t recommend drinking beer, but supplementing with pure uridine can protect the brain, enhance cognition, and increase mood and motivation. 

Researchers have found that supplementing with uridine increases acetylcholine concentrations in the brain (3).  

It’s important to note that uridine in food is not bioavailable, and no food has been shown to increase blood levels of uridine (74).  

So you’ll need to supplement with it. 

Uridine is synergistic with omega-3 fatty acids and choline, meaning they all work better when you take them together.  

15. Wild Blueberries

If you want to improve your cognitive performance, eating lots of fruits and vegetables is definitely something you’ll want to do regularly.  

Wild blueberries are particularly potent because of they are so rich in polyphenols. 

The polyphenols in wild blueberries have been shown to significantly improve learning and memory by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain (21-22).  

If you eat blueberries, make sure they are wild because they are richer in polyphenols.  

I buy wild blueberries every time I go grocery shopping. 

They are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health.  

I try to eat one cup of them every day to support my brain health.  

Alternatively, you can take a blueberry extract.

In fact, most researchers use a concentrated blueberry extract instead of actual blueberries when they study the beneficial health effects of blueberries. 

It’s actually less expensive in the long run to take an extract than eat blueberries every day, but I just prefer to eat actual blueberries. It’s more enjoyable.  

You can also drink blueberry juice if you want. There is research showing that blueberry juice improves cognitive function in the elderly. 

Besides increasing acetylcholine, wild blueberries also improve brain health by increasing BDNF and improving brain blood flow. 

16. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3s fatty acids are the highest quality fats for the brain and increasing your intake of them is one of the most impactful actions you can take to promote the normal functioning of your brain and nervous system.  

They have been shown in many studies to significantly reduce brain inflammation; improve memory, mood and cognition; and protect against mild cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 

Research also shows that omega-3 fatty acids increase acetylcholine levels in the brain (34-35).  

It’s important to consume enough omega-3 fatty acids because they are essential fats that your body cannot produce itself.  

Omega-3 fatty acids are found primarily in cold water fish, including:  

• Salmon  

• Black cod  

• Sablefish  

• Sardines  

• Herring  

These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

Unfortunately, most people don't consume enough omega-3 fatty acids through their diet.  

That’s why I recommend supplementing with krill oil, a special kind of fish oil that contains the essential omega-3 fatty acids.  

The Best Herbal Supplements to Increase Acetylcholine in the Brain

There are many different herbs and natural plant compounds that can increase acetylcholine levels.

They usually work by inhibiting acetylcholine esterase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine in the brain.

17. Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo Biloba is a plant that has been used in China for thousands of years to treat a number of health problems.  

It’s one of the top-selling natural supplements in the world, and it’s even a prescription herb in Germany.  

Ginkgo Biloba extract is most commonly used to improve brain health because it increases brain blood flow and improves memory, mood, mental energy, and attention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. 

Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to enhance cognition by increasing acetylcholine levels in the prefrontal cortex of the brain (42, 45).  

In one study, it significantly increased acetylcholine in the hippocampus, which is the area of the brain involved in memory (41). 

Another study found that it also inhibits acetylcholine esterase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine. As a result, researchers think it could be used to treat dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (43-44).  

Ginkgo Biloba is included in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

18. Ginseng

Researchers have found that several types of ginseng significantly reduce the breakdown of acetylcholine (52).  

They also increase the synthesis of acetylcholine in the brain, which can reverse memory loss (53).  

The best form of ginseng that I have personally benefited the most from is American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius).  

I find that it improves my memory and clears brain fog very quickly.  

Research shows that American Ginseng enhances brain function by stimulating the production and release of acetylcholine in the brain (54-55).  

One study found it can recover the cognitive function by enhancing acetylcholine levels (56).  

19. Huperzine A

Huperzine A is a natural compound found in the Chinese herb Huperzia serrata.  

It has neuroprotective effects, and significantly improves cognition in animals and humans (40).  

It's been shown to block acetylcholine esterase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine (39).  

As a result, it can increase acetylcholine levels in the brain, improving learning and memory (36).  

A systematic review concluded it can help reduce cognitive decline and slow down the development of neurodegenerative disorders (38-39).  

And in China, it’s approved and prescribed to treat Alzheimer’s disease (37).  

20. Bacopa

Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal herb that enhances cognition.  

It’s most commonly used to improve memory and reduce symptoms of dementia (48).  

Research shows that bacopa blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine and increases the production of acetylcholine (46, 49). 

One study found that it can even reverse the memory loss caused by anti-cholinergic drugs (47).  

Other studies show that it significantly improves learning and memory by significantly reducing the breakdown of acetylcholine (50-51).  

Besides improving memory and cognition, I have found bacopa very relaxing and good at reducing anxiety and stress. 

So it’s a good option if you’re looking for something to increase acetylcholine and relieve anxiety at the same time.  

21. Gotu Kola

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) is a traditional herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.  

It’s been used for centuries in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to enhance cognition.  

Studies show that it enhances learning and memory by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain (58-60).  

It’s even been shown to reduce the formation of amyloid plaques, which occurs in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease (57).  

It's important to point out that the Gotu Kola plant soaks up heavy metals from the soil. So you need to find a high-quality, organic source that doesn’t contain heavy metals.  

22. Galantamine

Galantamine is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Galanthus woronowii. 

It’s commonly used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease because it can improve memory, cognitive performance, activities of daily living and behavioral symptoms (62, 64).  

Research shows that it maintains acetylcholine levels by slowing down the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain (61).  

It also stimulates acetylcholine activity throughout the entire brain (63).  

23. Rhodiola

Rhodiola, also known as golden root or arctic root, is a Traditional Chinese and Scandinavian herb.  

It’s one of the most popular adaptogens used to increase physical and mental stamina. 

Rhodiola has been shown to improve learning and memory by reducing the breakdown of acetylcholine (65-67).  

As a result, researchers think it is a good candidate for the treatment of dementia and other memory disturbances (65).  

I personally take this rhodiola supplement. I don't take it every day, only when I need an extra boost in brain function and cognitive energy. It’s especially useful after stressful periods of pushing myself too hard. It helps me recover faster.  

Rhodiola also boosts dopamine levels and induces autophagy in the brain.  

Be sure to check out this post to learn more about the benefits of rhodiola. 

24. Rosemary

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a medicinal plant rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. 

It has antidepressant effects by boosting cholinergic activity in brain cells (68).  

It also significantly reduces the breakdown of acetylcholine (69).  

Researchers found that simply inhaling rosemary essential oil can improve cognitive performance by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine (70).  

Important Hormones That Increase Acetylcholine in the Brain

Hormones levels can also significantly impact your acetylcholine levels. Below are three main hormones that you should optimize.

25. Estrogen

Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone and responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. 

Increasing estrogen levels has been shown to significantly increase the release of acetylcholine in the frontal cortex of the brain (71).  

I recommend both men and women get their hormone levels checked regularly, and then optimize them if they want to optimize brain function and feel their best.  

You can check your estrogen levels here. 

26. Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that significantly affects brain function.  

Researchers have found that it passes the blood-brain barrier and acts on insulin receptors directly within the brain.  

Unfortunately, many people today develop insulin resistance within the brain.  

When this happens, there is a reduction in cognitive function.  

So in a new therapeutic approach, commercially-available insulin (Novalin R) is being prepared and added to nasal spray bottles, and sprayed and inhaled through the nose to support the brain and mental health. 

Intranasal insulin has been reported to significantly enhance memory, increase mental energy and reduce brain fog. 

One possible way it does this is by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain.  

Research shows that insulin improves memory by enhancing cholinergic function and inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain (72). 

Intranasal insulin also improves brain blood flow and increases the formation of new synapses in the brain. 

If you’re interested in learning more about intranasal insulin, I previously wrote a full article about it. You can read that here. 

27. Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone released by your pineal gland, a small gland in your brain. You can also take it as a supplement. 

It helps control your circadian rhythm, and adequate levels of melatonin are necessary to fall asleep quickly and sleep deeply throughout the night. 

Research shows that melatonin improves memory by enhancing cholinergic function and inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine (73). 

This sleep supplement, which contains magnesium and a number of other natural compounds that I’ve used over the years to promote the production of melatonin.

But I work with my clients so that they can naturally produce more melatonin and maximize the quality of their sleep without so many supplements. We have free online workshop that talks about how you can work with us. You can register for the workshop here.

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Live Optimally,

Jordan Fallis

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References: 

(1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16942753 

(2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18289004 

(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17184749 

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(9) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23387341 

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(11) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19685700 

(12) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1533210110392944 

(13) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1854155/ 

(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2215852 

(15) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2215852 

(16) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2215852 

(17) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003276 

(18) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752065 

(19) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209058/ 

(20) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782876/ 

(21) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432808006232 

(22) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056430 

(23) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16243721 

(24) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0753332216301536 

(25) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11245669 

(26) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366543 

(27) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16572044 

(28) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1393682/pdf/jphysiol01485-0019.pdf 

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(31) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930076 

(32) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29341902 

(33) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29339457 

(34) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12221201 

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(37) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003111/ 

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20 Proven Ways to Quickly Lower Your Cortisol Levels

Chronic stress is killer. 

It broke me down over the years and led me to deep depression.

Getting a handle on it has been critical to my recovery. 

But it took me a while to figure out what works.

And I’d rather not see other people struggle and frantically look for solutions.

So I’ve gathered some of my favourite ways to quickly lower levels of cortisol, your body’s main stress hormone.

But before we get to them, let’s quickly discuss cortisol and how chronically high levels of cortisol can negatively affect your brain and mental health. 

How Stress and Cortisol Affect Your Brain

Cortisol is known as the “stress hormone”.

It’s a naturally-occurring steroid hormone that’s produced by your adrenal glands and released when you’re under physical or mental stress. Essentially, it triggers our fight-or-flight response in stressful situations.

But it’s also absolutely necessary for our health, as it plays a key role in many different bodily processes. 

Cortisol levels are generally highest in the morning and lowest at night. But problems can arise when they are elevated for prolonged periods of time (134). 

Chronically high cortisol levels can:

• Change the size, structure and functioning of your brain;

• Shrink and kill brain cells;

• Cause premature aging in the brain;

• Contribute to memory loss and lack of concentration;

• Slow down our ability to grow new brain cells; and

• Increase inflammation in the brain (135-140).

Watch this TED-Ed video, “How Stress and Cortisol Affect Your Brain,” to learn more: 

Chronic stress and high levels of cortisol also increase activity in the amygdala, the fear centre of the brain. This can create a vicious cycle in which the brain is more likely be get stuck in a constant state of fight-or-flight.

When I did neurofeedback, my practitioner discovered my amygdala was overactive. She trained it back down to normal levels, and my chronic anxiety dissipated.

Anxiety isn’t the only mental condition linked to an abnormal stress response. Here are some others:

• Major depressive disorder;

• Bipolar disorder;

• Borderline personality disorder;

• Insomnia;

• ADHD;

• Anorexia;

• Bulimia;

• Alcoholism; and

• Dementia and cognitive impairment (135-150).

Luckily, there are a number of ways to manage and overcome chronic stress, lower cortisol levels, reverse damage done to the brain, and improve your sense of wellbeing. 

This article includes the best foods, nutrients, herbs and supplements that reduce cortisol; as well as the best lifestyle habits, therapies and practices that reduce cortisol.

Let’s go through them.  

The Best Foods, Nutrients, Herbs and Supplements To Naturally Lower Cortisol Levels

1. Eat Dark Chocolate

Most people know that dark chocolate is rich in multiple antioxidants, such as flavonols and polyphenols, which reduce oxidative stress.

But it also reduces cortisol. 

This may explain why people love to eat chocolate and experience relaxation when they do. 

Dark chocolate can protect your brain by boosting BDNF, your brain’s growth hormone. 

You should always try to get raw dark chocolate with the least amount of sugar.

2. Drink Tea

Several different types of tea have beneficial effects on cortisol levels. 

Green tea has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of cortisol (18). 

And a study found that individuals who drank 4 cups of black tea daily for six weeks had lower cortisol levels in comparison to others who didn’t drink black tea (2). 

Researchers couldn’t confirm what caused this reduction in cortisol, but they suspected it had something to do with the high content of theanine, an amino acid found in both black and green tea.

A follow-up study published this year confirmed that theanine can reduce cortisol (13).

Theanine produces a calming effect on the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier and increasing the production of both GABA and dopamine in the brain (12). 

I personally can’t drink most teas because they tend to contain mycotoxins (mold toxins) and I’m very sensitive to them after living in a moldy home.

If you’ve lived in a moldy home or have found out that you’re genetically susceptible to mycotoxins, you can supplement with straight theanine like I do. 

This supplement includes theanine. 

And if you do decide to drink black tea, you can lower cortisol even more by getting decaffeinated black tea.

Lastly, chamomile tea is another type of tea that can decrease cortisol. It’s been used for centuries as a sleep aid. It contains flavonoids, essential oils, coumarin and other compounds that can help you relax.

Several studies show it can block the precursor hormone of cortisol and improve sleep quality (14, 15). 

This anti-anxiety supplement includes theanine, along with a number of other natural compounds that have helped me manage my stress and anxiety over the years.

3. Eat Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Olive oil has numerous health benefits, particularly because of its strong anti-inflammatory effects.

It also contains a compound called oleuropein, which can reduce cortisol levels (37). 

I add it to my salads and sometimes even take a tablespoon of it straight.

Be careful though. A lot of cheap extra virgin olive oil in grocery stores are not actually “extra virgin.”

Investigations have found that there is a lot of fraud within the olive oil industry and many so-called extra virgin olive oils contains other cheaper, refined vegetable oils, such as soybean, corn and canola. 

This is discussed more in the book Extra Virginity: The Sublime and Scandalous World of Olive Oil. 

4. Take Cortisol-Reducing Nutrients and Herbs

There are a number of nutrients, vitamins, minerals and adaptogenic herbs that have been shown to reduce stress and cortisol levels. 

I’ll go over some of my favourites here.

Phosphatidylserine is probably the best option for reducing stress hormone levels. 

Phosphatidylserine is a fat-soluble amino acid compound that plays a key role in optimal cognitive function. High amounts of phosphatidylserine can be found within the brain, and supplementation has been shown to improve attention and memory, especially in the elderly (114-116). 

“…consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly.”

— Food and Drug Administration

On top of all this, phosphatidylserine powerfully lowers cortisol (117-119). 

People who supplement with phosphatidylserine have been shown to have lower average levels of cortisol (120).

I take phosphatidylserine every day. It's part of the Optimal Calm supplement. 

Ashwagandha is another great cortisol-reducing supplement. It’s a popular Indian herb commonly used to prevent anxiety. Its anti-anxiety effect is synergistic with alcohol.

Its stress-reducing effects are likely because it lowers cortisol levels. 

Multiple studies have concluded that it is a potent stress reliever that can reduce cortisol by anywhere from 14 to 32% (121-123). 

Ashwagandha is included in this supplement.

Another adaptogenic herb that can lower cortisol is rhodiola. 

I’ve discussed rhodiola before. It can really help with symptoms of depression. 

Research has found that it may be doing this by significantly reducing stress hormone levels in the body (124-126). 

Lastly, a number of minerals have been shown to reduce cortisol, including zinc, magnesium and selenium (96, 97, 127-133).

That’s why I take and recommend a multi-mineral supplement every day. 

Overall, ashwagandha, rhodiola, phosphatidylserine and minerals are my favourite ways to keep stress levels low, but there are plenty of other supplements that have been shown to positively affect cortisol levels, including:

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids (93, 94)

• N-Acetyl-Cysteine (95)

• Ginseng (98, 99)

• Tribulus (100)

• Bacopa (101)

• Schisandra (102, 103)

• Ginkgo Biloba (104)

• St. John’s Wort (105)

• Lemon Balm (106)

• Holy Basil (107)

5. Consume Enough Food, Protein and Water

Eating enough protein and calories, and drinking enough clean, filtered water is also critical to keeping stress hormone levels low.  

Studies show that severely restricting calories elevates cortisol levels (108, 109). 

Restricting protein and depriving yourself of the amino acid leucine can also stimulate the stress response and increase stress hormones (110). 

That’s why I eat plenty of food each day and supplement with creatine and BCAA protein powder throughout the day when I don’t have access to a source of high-quality protein. 

Lastly, make sure you stay hydrated and drink plenty of water.

Properly-hydrated runners have noticeably lower cortisol levels than dehydrated runners (81).

I use a high-quality filtration system to filter my water so that it’s as pure as possible.

6. Consume More Omega-3s and Less Omega-6s

As I’ve discussed before, omega-3s are dietary fats that are needed for the proper functioning of your brain and nervous system. They improve learning and memory, and protect against psychiatric disorders including depression, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (4-7). 

Researchers have also found that when individuals supplement with omega-3 fatty acids, there is a significant reduction in the release of cortisol (1, 10).

Omega-3 fatty acids also significantly reduce stress hormones in animals (3). 

Krill oil is my favourite source of omega-3 fatty acids.

I also eat wild salmon and grass-fed beef on a regular basis. 

On the other hand, consuming too many omega-6 fatty acids have been linked to increased inflammation and cortisol levels (8, 9, 11).

So make sure to avoid refined vegetable oils such as soybean, corn, safflower, sunflower, and canola oil.

7. Get Enough Antioxidants

Not only do antioxidants counteract oxidative stress within the body; they can also help reduce cortisol (19, 25). 

Most of the research has been done in athletes, but supplementation with antioxidants – such as berry powders, greens powders, vitamin C, glutathione and CoQ10 – leads to fairly significant reductions in cortisol and other measures of stress (20-23). 

Dark berries in particular contain antochyanins, which have been shown to lower cortisol (24). 

Acai berries are my favourite, as they are loaded with antochyanins and vitamin C.

Regarding vitamin C, the research is mixed on whether it can consistently lower cortisol levels.

However, in my experience, high doses of vitamin C definitely reduce stress.

One study found that a high dose of vitamin C decreases anxiety and improves mood (29). 

After exercise, it’s also been shown to rapidly reduce cortisol (26, 27). 

And multiple other studies have found that both vitamin C and vitamin E reduce cortisol and anxiety (30-32). 

It’s also well known that chronic stress and high cortisol can deplete vitamin C and other antioxidant enzymes (28). 

In addition to getting vitamin C from fruits and vegetables, I take at least 500 mg of supplemental Vitamin C every day. I’ve experimented with taking up to 10 grams daily (2 gram doses throughout the day) and it helped me manage stress, but it’s not necessary unless you find it really helps you. 

Vitamin C and Vitamin E are both included in this supplement, along with several other antioxidant nutrients.

8. Take Curcumin

Curcumin is the most heavily researched compound within turmeric, the spice that gives curry its yellow colour.

Curcumin is one of my favourite compounds for the brain and mental health.

Thousands of high-quality scientific studies have been published, showing that curcumin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can increase BDNF, your brain’s growth hormone. 

Research shows that curcumin inhibits the increase in cortisol caused by stress (33, 34). 

And animal studies have found that curcumin may reverse elevated cortisol levels after chronic stress (35, 36). 

Unfortunately, curcumin is very inefficient at absorbing into the bloodstream and reaching the brain (54, 55).

Luckily, science and technology has been able to concentrate significant amounts of curcumin into supplement form and increase its bioavailability. 

I get my curcumin from the Optimal Energy supplement.

Since curcumin is a fat soluble, I take it every day with a fatty meal.

9. Eat Prebiotic Foods

Prebiotics are substances in food that humans can't digest, so they pass through our gastrointestinal tract and promote the growth of many different strains of good bacteria in our lower bowel.

They are essentially food for the probiotics in our intestines.

Dr. Phil Burnet, a neurobiologist at Oxford University, published a paper in 2015 showing that people who ingested prebiotics have lower levels of cortisol.

The people who ingested prebiotics also focused more on positive feedback and less on negative stimuli.

Dr. Burnet said the results were very similar to when people take anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medication, but without the side effects (87).

That’s why I eat prebiotic-rich foods regularly, including sweet potatoes, carrots, onions, asparagus and squash. These foods are included in my free grocery shopping guide for optimal brain health. 

Resistant starch is one of the most potent ways to boost your prebiotic intake. A convenient way to incorporate more of it into your diet is by using and eating potato starch. Other high-quality resistant starches include banana flour, plantain flour and waxy maize. Cooked and cooled white rice and potatoes also contain some resistant starch. 

I previously discussed prebiotics and resistant starch here.

I also created and take Optimal Biotics, which is a premium probiotic supplement that reduces stress and support my mental health. 

10. Limit Alcohol and Caffeine

Excess consumption of alcohol and caffeine have been shown to increase stress hormones, so their consumption should be limited. 

Coffee is definitely good for brain health. There is a lot of research showing it is very healthy and can be protective against dementia. 

However, it can also disrupt sleep and make people anxious. I used to not be able to handle any coffee at all. But now that I'm healthy, I can handle it just fine. I drink one cup of high-quality coffee most mornings.

But if you’re struggling with high cortisol and chronic stress, I wouldn’t recommend high doses of caffeine.

It’s been shown to directly stimulate the adrenal cortex, release cortisol into the bloodstream and increase stress hormone levels (74-76).

One study found that caffeine increased cortisol by 30% in just one hour, and regular consumption can double your cortisol levels (88, 89). 

So limit it as much as possible.

An alternative solution is to consume the whole coffee fruit, instead of drinking coffee.

The coffee fruit doesn’t contain caffeine, but it does contains several healthy compounds not found in coffee beans themselves.

Scientists have discovered that ingesting whole coffee fruit concentrate significantly increases brain function. Coffee fruit concentrate can be found in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

Lastly, excess alcohol consumption over an extended period of time has also been shown to raise cortisol levels. Having a couple drinks here and there likely isn’t a problem though, and you can protect yourself from it by following these steps (90, 91). 

Certain types of alcohol are better to drink than others.

The Best Lifestyle Habits and Practices to Naturally Lower Cortisol Levels

11. Laugh

In the book The Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient, Norman Cousins explains how he cured himself of ankylosing spondylitis by laughing along with Marx Brothers movies.

“I made the joyous discovery that ten minutes of genuine belly laughter had an anesthetic effect and would give me at least two hours of pain-free sleep. When the pain-killing effect of the laughter wore off, we would switch on the motion picture projector again and not infrequently, it would lead to another pain-free interval.”

— Norman Cousins

It sounds farfetched, but more and more research is showing that laughter has a powerful effect on our health. 

Researchers have found that laughing and having fun significantly reduces stress hormone levels (65, 66). 

In one study, laughter improved the short-term memory of older adults, and simply anticipating humour decreased their cortisol levels by nearly 50% (64). 

So, next time you’re stressed, try watching a funny TV show or YouTube video. 

12. Play with Animals

This is my cat named Puddy. He's annoying but he does reduce my cortisol levels.

Petting your own dog or another person’s dog has been shown to significantly decrease stress hormone levels and increase oxytocin, endorphins, and other healing hormones (71, 73). 

Researchers have also compared 20 minutes of quiet rest to 20 minutes of interaction with a dog, and they found that hanging out with dog contributed to a much more significant decrease in cortisol. This is often why therapy dogs show up on college campuses during exams (71). 

So you should try to hang out with animals as much as possible, and consider getting a house pet if you don’t have one. I have a cat named Puddy. 

Spending time in nature has also been shown to reduce cortisol levels. So you can kill two birds with one stone by taking your pet for a walk in the park (77). 

Hmm perhaps “kill two birds with one stone” wasn’t the best idiom to use in this section, but you get my point. 

13. Listen to Music and Dance

Music is actually healing and can have a calming effect on the brain. 

Numerous studies show that music can relax you, especially before a stressful event, by significantly lowering stress hormones. It can also reduce the spike in cortisol during the stressful situation (50-54). 

Music can be even more relaxing when combined with non-strenuous dancing.

Regular dancing has also been shown to greatly decrease cortisol levels (55). 

14. Practice Relaxation Techniques and Therapies

Not too surprisingly, simply taking time each day to relax can lower cortisol.  

My favourite relaxation technique is meditation. 

Countless studies show that meditating daily for just 15 minutes can significantly lower stress hormone levels and blunt cortisol spikes (38-43). 

I use the Muse headband to meditate. Similar to neurofeedback, it gives you real-time feedback on your brainwaves. I previously wrote about it here, and you can get it through the Muse website. 

Yoga has also been shown to lower cortisol. 

In one study, people with depression practiced yoga regularly for 3 months. By the end of the study, their cortisol levels dropped significantly and they experienced relief from their depression (44). 

Massage is another excellent option, as it’s been shown in many studies to significant decrease in cortisol and anxiety (45, 46). 

I get a massage every couple of months. 

Emotional Freedom Technique, or “tapping”, is another tool I use to manage stress. 

Tapping is based on ancient Chinese acupressure and modern psychology. You can learn how to practice it here. 

I know it seems hokey, but it works. 

It’s been shown to significantly decrease cortisol levels (47). 

The book The Tapping Solution: A Revolutionary System for Stress-Free Living goes in more depth about the practice. 

Lastly, deep breathing exercises can help you manage your stress hormone levels. 

Diaphragmatic breathing – consciously breathing from your diaphragm – has been shown to encourage the body’s natural relaxation response and reduce cortisol (48, 49). 

I use the EmWave2 device every day to reduce stress and make sure I’m breathing optimally. I wrote about it before here.

15. Exercise (But Not Too Much)

Exercise is definitely good for you. It can balance hormones and reduce stress by releasing endorphins. However, overtraining can actually backfire and increase stress hormone levels (112). 

That’s why I don’t really recommend chronic endurance exercise and prefer weightlifting and high-intensity sprinting over cardio. 

Research shows that prolonged aerobic exercise can increase cortisol levels, and marathon runners have higher levels of cortisol (111, 113). 

16. Get More Deep Sleep

This might be the most important step. 

Getting enough high-quality sleep is critical for your brain and mental health. 

My sleep used to be terrible and it was one of main factors that contributed to my poor mental health. And then my poor mental health would make my sleep worse. So it was a vicious cycle. 

Let me explain.

Normally, cortisol increases in the morning and then drops very low at night prior to bed. But if you have chronic stress and high cortisol, you can end up feeling wired and anxious at night, making it more difficult to sleep. 

Unfortunately, staying up late when your body expects to be asleep further increases your stress hormone levels even more. And lack of sleep and interrupted sleep have been shown to significantly increase cortisol throughout the next day and contribute to cognitive problems down the road (56-61, 63). 

So it’s clearly a vicious cycle where high cortisol causes sleep problems, and poor sleep increases stress.  

That’s why it’s so important go to bed at the same time every night and aim for at least 7 hours of sleep every night. Without doing that, you can end up with dysregulated daytime cortisol production.

And it’s not just the amount of sleep you get that’s important. It’s also the quality of sleep. In fact, the quality of your sleep is more important than the length of your sleep.

So I would try doing everything you can to maximize the quality of your sleep. 

I share my very best sleep tips with my clients through our Brain Recovery Accelerator Program. We have a free online workshop that talks about the program. You can register for the workshop here.

You could also take this sleep supplement, which contains magnesium and a number of other natural compounds that I’ve used over the years to improve sleep.

And if you don’t get enough sleep one night, try to take a nap sometime the next day. Daytime napping after a night of sleep loss has been shown to cause beneficial changes in cortisol levels (62).

17. Chew Aspartame-Free Gum

Next time you’re stressed, try chewing a piece of gum. 

It’s an easy way to lower your stress hormone levels. 

According to one study, chewing gum while under moderate stress reduces mental stress and decreases cortisol by 12 per cent. Previous studies have also shown that chewing can increase alertness, neural activity and blood flow to the brain (82). 

I prefer if the gum is aspartame-free.

18. Stand Tall

Changing your body language can have a powerful effect on your biology. 

Standing tall for just two minutes can lower your cortisol by 25 per cent, according to a famous study led by Harvard social psychologist Amy Cuddy (83). 

Cuddy’s research found that if you switch from low-power body language (arms crossed, hunched over, closed up, slumped shoulders, nervous) to high-power body language (opened up, tall, relaxed, confident), your hormones will change to match your new posture (84). 

So try your best to maintain high-power body language as much as possible as it can reduce stress hormones and increase confidence. You could even try holding a dominant pose for 2 minutes every day. You’ll likely find yourself feeling calmer and more mentally powerful.

And if you haven’t already, check out Amy Cuddy’s TED talk “Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are”.

I also recommend her book Presence: Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenges.

19. Socialize

Social connectivity and positive social interactions also significantly reduce stress hormone levels.

Research shows that the more social support a person has, the lower their cortisol levels will be (67). 

This is likely because you release the hormone oxytocin during social contact and social bonding, and oxytocin has been proven to decrease anxiety and block increases in cortisol (68). 

One study states that “the combination of oxytocin and social support exhibited the lowest cortisol concentrations as well as increased calmness during stress” (69). 

Animal studies have also discovered that social isolation leads to higher cortisol and mental health problems (70). 

Make sure to check out my full article about oxytocin to learn more about this powerful neurotransmitter.

20. Other Cutting-Edge Therapies

Here are some other therapies that have been shown to reduce stress and cortisol:

• Bright Light Therapy (85, 86).

• Transcranial direct current stimulation (78)

• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (79, 80)

• Acupuncture (92)

Conclusion

It’s important to take control of your stress before it takes control over you.

Thankfully, there are so many ways to manage your stress and lower cortisol levels without having to resort to a prescription. 

Here’s a summary of everything we’ve gone over to reduce stress hormone levels:

• Eat wild salmon, grass-fed beef and krill oil, and avoid refined vegetable oils

• Drink black, green and chamomile tea, or supplement with theanine

• Eat dark chocolate :-)

• Get enough antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and CoQ10

• Eat turmeric and/or supplement with curcumin

• Add extra virgin olive oil to meals

• Relax with meditation, the Muse headband, yoga, massage, tapping, deep breathing, and the EmWave2

• Listen to music and dance

• Sleep deeper

• Watch comedy and laugh

• Socialize

• Play with animals

• Chew aspartame-free gum

• Stand tall with powerful body language

• Limit alcohol and caffeine

• Eat prebiotic foods, including resistant starch

• Eat enough food and protein

• Drink enough filtered-water

• Exercise, but not too much

• Supplement with phosphatidylserine, ashwagandha, rhodiola and/or minerals

I remember when I first discovered all of these tools and strategies, it gave me so much hope that I could get better and overcome my depression and anxiety.

And I thankfully I did.

And you can too. 

Let me know what you think in the comments. Have you ever had high cortisol? Do you have any other tips that have helped you reduce cortisol?

Enjoy This Article? You Might Also Like My FREE Food Guide for Optimal Brain and Mental Health!

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Live Optimally,

Jordan Fallis

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29 Effective Ways to Increase Oxytocin Levels in the Brain

Oxytocin is a powerful hormone and neurotransmitter.

It’s often called the “love hormone" or “cuddle chemical” because it plays a key role in the emotional bond between a mother and her child.

It’s also released by both men and women when they are in love (116-118). 

But it isn’t just involved in loving relationships. 

It can also significantly affect the functioning of your brain and nervous system and impact your emotions day-to-day.

Low levels of oxytocin in the brain are associated with several mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, social phobia, autism, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, tinnitus, anorexia nervosa, and borderline personality disorder (120-135). 

And research suggests that if you increase oxytocin, it can lead to the following benefits:

• Reduce stress and anxiety and increase feelings of calmness and security. It does this by suppressing activity in the amygdala, the fear centre of your brain (136-149).

• Improve mood and increase feelings of contentment (150-157).

• Stimulate the vagus nerve and increase heart rate variability (158-161, 170-171).

• Reduce the release of cortisol, your body’s main stress hormone (162-165).

• Reduce inflammation and accelerate healing (166-168).

• Increase creativity (169).

• Elevate pain threshold (172-173).

• Reduce withdrawal symptoms and tolerance to addictive drugs (174-176).

• Improve self-perception in social situations. It also increases enjoyment of social interactions by stimulating production of endocannabinoids (177-179).

• Increase positive personality traits such as empathy, warmth, trust, and openness (180-181).

Oxytocin clearly does a lot. 

Because of this, some doctors have started prescribing intranasal oxytocin spray to their patients to help them treat their symptoms (119). 

But you don’t necessarily need to run to your doctor and ask for a prescription. 

You can follow the 29 steps below and naturally increase your oxytocin levels yourself.

The Best Foods, Nutrients, Herbs and Supplements To Naturally Increase Oxytocin Levels in the Brain

1. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that your skin synthesizes when exposed to the sun. It can also be taken as a supplement.

Every tissue in your body has Vitamin D receptors, including the brain, so a deficiency can lead to costly physiological and psychological consequences.

Research shows that oxytocin is directly activated and controlled by Vitamin D (13-14).

Some researchers also believe that autistic children have low levels of oxytocin likely because they are deficient in Vitamin D (15-16). 

Ideally, you should get your Vitamin D naturally from the sun. 

It’s especially important to make sure you get some sunlight in the morning to set your circadian rhythm. 

But most people still don’t get enough Vitamin D from the sun, and that’s why I recommend taking a Vitamin D supplement or using a Vitamin D lamp.

Researchers estimate that 50 percent of the general population is at risk of Vitamin D deficiency (12). 

It's important to test and monitor your Vitamin D levels before and after supplementing with it.

Vitamin D also naturally increases dopamine levels in the brain, and being deficient in Vitamin D can make you more anxious and more depressed. 

2. Vitamin C

Vitamin C is another easy way to optimize and increase your levels of oxytocin. 

Researchers know that Vitamin C is a cofactor in the production of oxytocin, and the synthesis of oxytocin is dependent upon Vitamin C (17-18). 

One study found that Vitamin C stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (19). 

And another study found that supplementing with a high dose of Vitamin C increases the release of oxytocin, which then increases intercourse frequency, improves mood and decreases stress (20). 

As you probably know, Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables such as green peppers, citrus fruits, tomatoes, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cabbage.

In addition to getting Vitamin C from fruits and vegetables, I take a supplement with at least 100 mg of Vitamin C every day.

I’ve taken up to 10 grams daily, and it definitely improves my mood and reduces stress and anxiety. 

Vitamin C is included in this supplement.

3. Magnesium

Magnesium is a vital mineral that participates in more than 300 biochemical reactions in your body. 

Unfortunately, lot of people are deficient in magnesium today (36-38).

This is a shame because magnesium is absolutely essential for the proper functioning of your nervous system and optimal neurotransmitter activity.

Researchers have found that the oxytocin receptor requires magnesium to function properly, and magnesium increases the action of oxytocin at the receptor (39-42).

There are a number of things you can do to make sure you’re getting enough magnesium.

First, make sure you’re eating magnesium-rich sources of food on a regular basis, including spinach, chard, pumpkin seeds, almonds, avocado, dark chocolate and bananas. These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Mental Health.

Epsom salt baths are another great way to increase your body’s intake of magnesium. 

Magnesium supplements are also a good idea if you want to produce more oxytocin.

Magnesium is included in this supplement.

Besides supporting your oxytocin levels, magnesium can also naturally increase dopamine, reduce your anxiety, and help your overcome trauma, withdrawal and addiction. 

4. Taurine

Taurine is an organic compound found in food, particularly animal products. It has a wide variety of health benefits.

It can cross the blood-brain barrier, improve mood and produces anti-anxiety effects (1-10). 

Researchers believe that one of the ways it improves mood and reduces anxiety is by naturally increasing the release of oxytocin in the brain (11).

Taurine is included in the Optimal Calm supplement. 

5. Caffeine

Researchers have found that caffeine significantly increases the release of oxytocin (21-23). 

Perhaps this is one reason why people love getting together with friends for a coffee.

Coffee usually makes me sick because I’m extremely sensitive to mold and most coffee contains high amounts of mycotoxins (toxic metabolites produced by mold). 

But some coffee doesn’t. I usually drink one cup of high-quality coffee most mornings. I can also tolerate pure caffeine tablets.

Most people can tolerate regular coffee just fine. But if coffee makes you feel terrible and jittery, it might be the quality of the coffee. Consider trying higher-quality coffee, or simply take pure caffeine, and see how you feel. You’ll likely feel better than if you consumed low-quality coffee.

Coffee and caffeine can disrupt sleep though, so make sure you don’t drink it later in the day. I have my last cup sometime between 10 in the morning and noon. If I have it any later than that, it disrupts my sleep.

Lastly, it's also a good idea to try to consume the whole coffee fruit, instead of just the coffee bean or pure caffeine. 

Traditionally, the coffee bean is extracted from the coffee fruit for roasting. And the surrounding fruit is discarded. 

But that’s a huge problem.

Because the coffee fruit contains several healthy compounds not found in coffee beans themselves.

And after years of careful clinical research, scientists have discovered that ingesting whole coffee fruit concentrate significantly increases brain function. 

Coffee fruit concentrate is included in the Optimal Brain supplement. 

6. Estrogen

Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone and responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system.

Estrogen has been found to increase the synthesis and secretion of oxytocin. It also increases the expression of oxytocin receptors in the brain (30). 

Other studies show that even just a single dose of estradiol can significantly increase circulating oxytocin levels and reduce anxiety (31-32).

I recommend both men and women get their hormone levels checked regularly, and then optimize them with hormone replacement therapy, especially if they want to produce more oxytocin and feel their best.

Not only can replacing estrogen increase your oxytocin levels, but it can also really improve your overall quality of life.

7. Lactobacillus Reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri is a bacterium with anti-inflammatory effects that scientists first discovered in the 1980s. 

It’s one of the most promising psychobiotics for anxiety.

Research shows that Lactobacillus reuteri significantly increases oxytocin levels in the brain through the vagus nerve (26-29). 

Lactobacillus reuteri is usually found in the human gut. However, not all humans have it, and some people simply have very low levels of it.

Therefore, you may need to supplement with it to introduce and maintain high levels of it, especially if you want to produce more oxytocin.

One study found that the absence of lactobacillus reuteri causes social deficits in animals. By adding it back in to the guts of the animals, the researchers were able to reverse some of their behavioural deficits, which were similar to symptoms of social anxiety and autism in humans (24-25).

Lactobacillus reuteri is included in the Optimal Biotics supplement.

It's also found in breast milk, and some meat and dairy products.

8. Chamomile

You can also increase oxytocin with herbs, such as chamomile.

Chamomile is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties.

But it can also help you produce more oxytocin.

Animal studies show that chamomile contains substances that act on the same parts of the brain and nervous system as anti-anxiety drugs (47-48). 

Researchers also know that chamomile naturally increases oxytocin and lowers cortisol (49). 

9. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA)

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a molecule produced in the body. It’s responsible for the feeling of being full after meals and may help with weight loss.

Multiple studies show that OEA naturally stimulates the secretion of oxytocin and increases levels of oxytocin in the brain (50-54). 

I haven’t tried it yet, but there are OEA supplements available online.

I’m going to try it and report back on how I feel. We’ll see if it helps me produce more oxytocin.  

10. Melatonin

Melatonin is a natural hormone released by your pineal gland, a small gland in your brain. It helps control your sleep and wake cycles (circadian rhythm), and adequate levels of melatonin are necessary to fall asleep quickly and sleep deeply throughout the night.

More than one study has shown that 500 mcg of melatonin significantly increases secretion of oxytocin (33-35). 

You can find supplements with 500 mcg of melatonin online.

Or you can take this sleep supplement, which contains magnesium and a number of other natural compounds that I’ve used over the years to promote the production of melatonin.

Besides melatonin and sleep supplements, there are a number of other actions you can take to naturally produce more melatonin.

I work with my clients so that they can naturally produce more melatonin and maximize the quality of their sleep without so many supplements. We have free online workshop that talks about how you can work with us. You can register for the workshop here.

11. Fenugreek

Fenugreek is one of the most popular herbal supplements that has been traditionally used to enhance sex drive. 

It also demonstrates antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects in animals, and naturally produces more oxytocin in humans (55-57). 

I once experimented with a fenugreek supplement and I liked the effects. It felt like I produced more oxytocin when I was taking it, but I no longer take it regularly because all my other lifestyle habits are more than enough.

Fenugreek seeds are another option. They can be eaten whole, brewed into a tea, or even made into flour and baked into a gluten-free bread.

12. Jasmine Oil (Jasminum Officinale)

Jasmine Oil is a popular essential oil derived from the Jasminum Officinale flower. 

It’s been used for hundreds of years in Asia to improve mood, manage emotional stress and anxiety, and improve sex drive and sleep.

There is lots of research that suggests that it has positive affects on the nervous system (59-62). 

And a systematic study found that aromatherapy with Jasmine Oil can increase levels of oxytocin (58). 

After living in a moldy home, I researched and experimented with a number of essential oils. I found they supported my immune system and mood as I recovered. Here is the Jasmine Oil that I took.

It can either be inhaled through the nose or applied directly to the skin. You can also diffuse it in your home using a diffuser. 

13. Clary Sage Oil (Salvia sclarea)

Clary Sage Oil is a relaxing essential oil derived from the Salvia sclarea plant. 

It’s been shown to naturally relieve anxiety and depression by reducing cortisol and improving thyroid hormone levels (63-66). 

And just last year, researchers found that inhaling Clary Sage Oil increases oxytocin in women during pregnancy (67-69). 

After living in a moldy home, I researched and experimented with a number of essential oils. I found they supported my immune system and mood as I recovered.

Just like Jasmine Oil, it can either be inhaled through the nose or applied directly to the skin. You can also diffuse it in your home using a diffuser.

14. Anise Seed (Pimpinella anisum)

Anise, also known as Pimpinella anisum, is a plant found in the same family as carrots, celery and parsley.

The plant produces a small white fruit called anise seed.

It’s rich in nutrients and can be used a natural remedy for a number of different health concerns.

Research shows that anise seed can increase oxytocin in pregnant women (183).

In one study, it was effective reducing symptoms of postpartum depression (184).

But it doesn’t just work in new mothers who have postpartum depression.

Another study showed that taking anise oil can decrease depressive symptoms in men and women with mild to moderate depression (185).

Anise seed can be taken by adding it to desserts and drinks.

Or you can use anise oil like they did in the depression study above.

The Best Lifestyle Habits, Therapies and Practices to Naturally Increase Oxytocin Levels in the Brain

15. Touch

Not surprisingly, there is a ton of research showing that interpersonal touch quickly increases oxytocin levels in the brain (107). 

This obviously includes kissing, cuddling, and sex. But non-sexual touch such as hugging and shaking hands increases oxytocin as well (105, 108-115).

A 10-second hug every day can help boost your immune system, fight infection, increase dopamine, reduce depression, and lessen fatigue (106). 

But Dr. Paul Zak, author of the Trust Factor, recommends much more than just one hug every day; he recommends eight hugs every day. 

So if you want to produce more oxytocin, get out there and start hugging people… just make sure it’s welcome by the other people. :)

16. Loving-Kindness Meditation

Loving-kindness meditation, or metta, is a meditation practice designed to enhance feelings of kindness and compassion for yourself and others.

While meditating, you repeat positive phrases to yourself, think positively of other people, and direct well-wishes and love towards them.

For example, you could close your eyes, simply think about a friend of family member, and repeat over and over that “they are wonderful”. Simply repeat this thought to yourself over and over, while pushing away any other negative thoughts that arise.

Researchers believe that you give yourself a boost in oxytocin when you do this and may even up-regulate oxytocin receptors (71). 

You can learn how to practice it here or through this video.

Loving-kindness meditation can also help you overcome trauma. 

17. Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an alternative treatment that has been shown to increase oxytocin levels (76). 

Research has shown that acupuncture can affect the synthesis, release and action of several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, including oxytocin (72). 

Animal studies have also demonstrated that acupuncture elevates oxytocin concentration in certain brain regions (73-75). 

I’m a really big fan of auricular acupuncture for producing more oxytocin. Auricular acupuncture is when needles are inserted into ear. I’d recommend trying to find a health practitioner in your area who provides it, especially if you’re weening off psychiatric medication. It really helped me the first time I came off antidepressants. I was surprised.

In my experience, ear acupuncture is more effective than regular acupuncture. I’m not sure why. I’ve just personally noticed more benefits from ear acupuncture. 

I also use an acupuncture mat at home to relax before bed.

Acupuncture also naturally increases dopamine, stimulates the vagus nerve and increases blood flow to the brain.

18. Pets

Animals have a way of calming us, and it’s because they increase our oxytocin levels. 

Research shows that just touching your pets lowers your blood pressure and increases your oxytocin levels.

One study found that oxytocin levels increased in both humans and dogs after just five minutes of petting. This may explain the emotional bonding between humans and dogs (77). 

Even just staring into your dog’s eyes can trigger the release of oxytocin in the brain and increase your levels (78). 

So if you’re trying to maximize your oxytocin levels, you should try to hang out with animals as much as possible, and consider getting a house pet if you don’t have one.

19. Massage

Research shows that massage can significantly increase oxytocin levels and reduce stress hormones (79, 83). 

This is why I personally get a massage from a registered massage therapist every couple of months. 

It’s important to note that one study found that a light massage is more effective at increasing oxytocin than a deep-tissue Swedish massage (80-82). 

So you may want to ask your massage therapist to take it easy and give you a gentle rubdown. 

20. Listen to Music and Sing

Music is actually healing and can have a calming effect on the brain by increasing oxytocin levels. 

In one study, patients who underwent open-heart surgery listened to soothing music for 30 minutes one day after their surgery. And they had significantly higher levels of oxytocin compared to those who were simply told to rest in bed (86).

Slow-tempo music has also been shown to increase both oxytocin and heart-rate variability (88). 

What’s even better is singing along with the music. 

Researchers have found that singing for 30 minutes significantly increases oxytocin levels in both amateur and professional singers, regardless of whether they enjoyed singing the song (87, 91).

Perhaps this explains why mothers often sing lullabies to their newborn babies – it may encourage bonding by increasing the release of oxytocin. 

Lastly, making music together in a group leads to a significant release in oxytocin and reduction in stress (89-90).

So if you play an instrument, put together a band and start jamming. You’ll started producing more oxytocin together! :)

21. Yoga

Yoga is a popular “mind-body” relaxation technique that increases the activity of your parasympathetic “rest and digest” nervous system.

Researchers believe it works because it increases oxytocin levels in the brain by stimulating the vagus nerve (85). 

In one study, researchers found that yoga significantly increased oxytocin levels and improved socio-occupational functioning in patients with schizophrenia. The researchers concluded that yoga should be used to manage schizophrenia because of the improvement in oxytocin levels (84). 

22. Socialize

I’ve already discussed how socializing can reduce cortisol and stimulate your vagus nerve. 

And now I’ve learned that positive social interactions can also increase oxytocin levels (93). 

Researchers have found that your brain releases more oxytocin during social contact and social bonding, and this can actually speed up healing from disease (92). 

So if you want to produce more oxytocin, my advice is to talk to people whenever you get the chance, and hang out with your friends and family as much as possible. I should probably be taking my own advice here because I’m an introvert and don’t socialize too much. 

But even just connecting through social media can increase oxytocin! It doesn’t necessarily need to be in person, although that’s definitely better.

23. Intermittent Drinking

You’ve probably heard of intermittent fasting. I’ve discussed it a lot in other articles. 

But you likely haven’t heard of intermittent drinking.

The typical mainstream advice is to drink eight glasses of water every day. 

I don’t follow that. I simply listen to my body and drink when I’m thirsty. 

And it appears that simply taking breaks from drinking water can increase oxytocin levels. 

Recent research shows that drought, and the “homeostatic disturbances” that lead to the “feeling of thirst”, activate specific oxytocin-producing parts of the brain (94-95). 

Researchers believe that “intermittent bulk drinking” could increase oxytocin signalling, recover human trust, and increase health by reducing stress and inflammation (94-95). 

If you think of it from an evolutionary perspective, this makes sense. Your ancestors likely consumed as much water as they could when they got the chance, but then went longer periods of time when they couldn’t and didn’t drink any water. 

Just like intermittent fasting, intermittent drinking doesn’t necessarily mean you drink less water throughout the day though.

You can simply drink a lot of water whenever you get thirsty. And then you stop drinking any water until you are thirsty again. 

That’s how all animals and human newborns behave. But we’ve been brainwashed to think we need to be sipping on water all the time. 

Start intermittent drinking, and your oxytocin receptors will thank you.

24. Warm and Cold Temperatures

Exposing yourself to both warm and cold temperatures can also increase oxytocin levels. 

Researchers have found that hot environments, warm temperatures and increased sweating activate specific oxytocin-producing parts of the brain (94-96). 

Giving birth in warm water has also been shown to reduce the need for doctors to give women synthetic oxytocin during labour. This suggests the warm water naturally increases oxytocin levels (186).

But it’s not just warm water and warm temperatures that increase oxytocin.

Recent research also suggests that cold exposure significantly upregulates oxytocin levels in the brain (97-100). 

So if you want to optimize your oxytocin levels, try pushing yourself outside your comfort zone and expose your body to the acute stress of extreme temperatures.

What I like to do is take a warm shower, but then finish it off with 1-2 minutes of cold. 

Cold showers also stimulate the vagus nerve. 

25. Eat (Healthy) Food

Eating food also increases oxytocin, and it’s easily accessible by anyone. 

Food activates touch receptors in your mouth, which then stimulates the release of oxytocin (102). 

And then when food reaches your gut, a hormone is released from the intestines that activates the vagus nerve, which then stimulates the release of more oxytocin in the brain (102-104). 

This is why eating makes people feel calm and satisfied, and often opens them up for social interaction, bonding and attachment.

The obvious downside to all of this is that you may be tempted to overeat unhealthy foods to stimulate the release of oxytocin, so that you feel better and less stressed. And oxytocin is one reason why you may have a hard time breaking bad eating habits. 

But don’t worry; just stick to the healthy foods included in my free grocery shopping guide and you won’t have a problem

26. Watch a Movie

Everyone loves a good movie.

And it’s probably because it increases oxytocin.

Research shows that compelling narratives cause the synthesis and release of oxytocin (101). 

And this has the power to affect our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours (101). 

27. Give Someone A Gift

Everyone loves receiving a gift.

But it turns out that giving someone a gift benefits you, the gift-giver, as well.

Studies show that receiving and giving gifts increasing oxytocin levels in the brain.

28. Hypnosis

Hypnosis - also known as hypnotherapy or hypnotic suggestion - is a trance-like state.

When you’re in this state, you have heightened focus and concentration, and reduced peripheral awareness.

You’ll also have an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.

Hypnosis is usually done with the help of a therapist using verbal repetition and mental images.

Researchers believe that the benefits of hypnosis may be due to its oxytocin-increasing effects (182).

29. Volunteer

Volunteering is another excellent way to boost your own oxytocin.

A study published in the journal Hormones and Behavior found that charitable behaviour reduces stress and improves health by increasing oxytocin levels (187).

So get out there and volunteer at your local food bank already!

Enjoy This Article? You Might Also Like My FREE Food Guide for Optimal Brain and Mental Health!

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FREE GUIDE

Live Optimally,

Jordan Fallis

Connect with me

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16 Powerful Ways to Quickly Increase Your NAD Levels

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a very important coenzyme in your body.  

It exists in two forms: NAD+ and NADH. 

NAD+ is more important to pay attention to though.  

Because when you have higher levels of NAD+, you’re healthier and have more vitality.  

And when you have low levels of NAD+, you feel sick and weak. 

Some researchers refer to NAD+ as the “molecule of youth” because NAD+ levels dramatically drop as we age. 

But lower NAD+ levels aren’t simply a sign of aging.  

Even in younger individuals, poor nutrition and unhealthy lifestyle choices can lead to lower NAD+ levels.  

Low physical and mental energy is one of the first signs that your NAD+ levels aren’t as high as they could be. 

But it goes beyond that.  

Your thinking may be slower, you might have memory problems, or you're just not as quick and agile as you used to be. 

Luckily, there are a number of ways to naturally increase your NAD+ levels.  

This post shares the 16 best natural ways.  

Some of the benefits you’ll experience by increasing your NAD+ levels include better memory, enhanced endurance, and improved mental clarity.  

Continue reading to learn how to raise your NAD+ levels naturally. 

The Role of NAD+ and How Increasing NAD+ Benefits Your Brain 

NAD+ is found in all living cells, helping the body renew, regenerate and repair itself. 

It’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes and absolutely necessary for healthy metabolism. 

It also plays a significant role in supporting your mitochondria and increasing energy production in your body and brain cells. 

In fact, when scientists purposely decrease NAD+ levels, cells die because they are unable to generate energy (30).  

In a nutshell, we can’t function without NAD+.  

This is a huge problem because NAD+ levels have been shown to decline over time as you age.  

Your body simply creates less of it as you get older. 

We experience increased DNA damage, which leads to lower levels of NAD+ (31-32).  

And as levels of NAD+ decline in the body, mitochondrial functioning is impaired. 

Your brain cells contain a lot of mitochondria, and they become much weaker when NAD+ levels decline.  

This can lead to an increased risk of mental health and neurodegenerative diseases.  

So not surprisingly, low NAD+ levels have also been associated with several diseases, even in younger individuals.  

People with chronic fatigue syndrome are very likely to have low NAD+ levels, and research shows that taking supplements that increase NAD+ can help them (33-34).  

In patients with multiple sclerosis, there are lower levels of NAD+ in the nervous system. And supplementing with NAD+ precursors has been shown to reduce the pathogenesis of MS in animals (35-36).  

And treatment with oral NAD+ precursors has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease, depression (37-39).  

So without further ado, here are 16 ways to increase your NAD+ levels.

1. Exercise

Exercise is one of the best ways to raise your NAD+ levels. 

It’s easily accessible and free, and many doctors and researchers recommend exercise as their number one piece of advice for optimal brain health. 

Researchers have observed an increase in intracellular NAD+ levels after exercise (1).  

Exercise can be a big chore for a lot of people, so I recommend finding some sort of sport or aerobic activity that you enjoy. That way you won’t get sick of it and you’ll exercise regularly. 

Besides increasing NAD+, exercise also induces autophagy in the brain, increases dopamine and BDNF and IGF-1, and increases blood flow to the brain. 

2. Ketogenic Diet

A ketogenic diet is a very high-fat, low-carb diet.  

To follow the diet, you need to get most of your calories from healthy fats, and no more than 10 percent of calories from carbs (less than 50 grams of carbs per day).  

When you restrict carbohydrate-rich foods – such as grains, sugar, and even potatoes, legumes and fruit – your body enters “ketosis”, a metabolic state in which your body and brain run on fatty acids and “ketones” instead of glucose.  

And this can be beneficial and increase your NAD+ levels.  

More than one study has shown that a ketogenic diet significant increases NAD+ levels in the brain (3, 6).  

And some researchers think that the main reason a ketogenic diet benefits people with brain disorders is because it increases NAD+ (4).  

Some of the best foods to eat if you follow a ketogenic diet include coconut oil, olive oil, pastured eggs, ghee, grass-fed meat, avocado, nuts and seeds.  

These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

I follow a ketogenic diet every so often, but not for long stretches of time due to the long-term side effects.  

Studies also show that beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone, preserve NAD+ levels in the brain (5-6).  

And animal research has found that the injection of ketones after a stroke increases brain NAD+ levels, which improves neurological and mitochondria function (7). 

3. Intermittent Fasting

Fasting allows your digestive system to take a break and triggers the release of a number of hormones and enzymes that boost your body’s ability to repair itself.  

NAD+ is one of the coenzymes that appears to increase.  

Research shows that NAD+ levels rise when you restrict calories and/or fast intermittently (2). 

I personally eat all my food for the day within an 8-hour window, and then fast for the other 16 hours of the day.  

You don’t need to go that long, but you should try to fast for at least 12 hours at a time.  

The best way to get started is simply by eating dinner around 6, not eating anything after that before bed, and then eating a regular breakfast the next day.  

That should give you about 12-14 hours of fasting time. 

4. Low-Level Laser Therapy

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or photobiomodulation, is a treatment that can improve your brain function and mental health.  

The treatment involves the use of low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit red and infrared light. 

You can shine this light on your head, it penetrates the skull and stimulates your brain cells.  

This helps your brain function much better. 

Dr. Norman Doidge, a psychiatrist and researcher who teaches at the University of Toronto, discusses the amazing effects of LLLT in his book The Brain’s Way of Healing. 

Research shows that LLLT enhances the synthesis of NAD and ATP in the mitochondria (28-29).  

I use this device and shine the red and infrared light on my forehead for 5 minutes every day. I also shine it on other parts of my head and on my entire body, including on my thyroid, thymus gland and gut. I experience incredible benefits from doing this. 

When I’m travelling to visit family and friends, I take this smaller and more convenient device with me and shine it on my forehead. 

I’ve also been using the Vielight Neuro Duo, which is a transcranial-intranasal headset with 810 nm of near infrared light. It penetrates deeper into brain tissue and is absorbed better by the central nervous system. If you decide to try a Vielight device, you can use the coupon code JORDANFALLIS for a 10% discount. 

You can learn about how I use these devices in my LLLT article. I highly recommend reading the article if you want to try this treatment yourself. 

LLLT can also increase dopamine and IGF-1 levels, and increase blood flow to the brain.  

5. Nicotinamide Riboside

Nicotinamide riboside is a natural compound and the precursor to NAD+. It can be taken as a supplement.  

Once it’s within your body, nicotinamide riboside is converted into NAD+. It then increases NAD+ levels and improves mitochondrial function (10).  

Scientists have reported that a single dose of nicotinamide riboside can increase NAD+ levels in the blood by as much as 2.7-fold (27).  

And one animal study found that supplementing with nicotinamide riboside can restore cognitive function by increasing NAD+ levels in the brain (9). 

6. Malic Acid

Malic acid, also known as malate, is an intermediate of the Krebs cycle.  

It’s a key step in the pathway of energy production by the mitochondria.  

And it has a number of health benefits. 

Malic acid has been shown to greatly increase NAD+ and strongly increase the NAD/NADH ratio (11).  

It’s included in the Optimal Energy supplement. 

7. Sauna Sessions

When it comes to improving your health, some of the simplest strategies can have a huge impact.  

Using a sauna regularly is one of them. 

Research shows that the heat shock from sauna sessions result in an increase in cellular NAD+ (8).  

Once you start using a sauna, you should listen to your body to determine how much time you should spend in it. Start out slowly and increase the length of your sessions over time.  

Also, make sure to drink lots of water before and after each session, and never consume alcohol in combination.  

Check out this post to learn more about saunas and the 13 ways they can improve your brain and mental health. 

8. Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in grapes, red wine, raspberries and dark chocolate.  

It’s known to help prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases.  

And researchers are starting to understand why. 

Resveratrol has been shown in several studies to enhance NAD+ synthesis and increase NAD+ levels in human brain cells (12-14).  

It’s also been shown to increase BDNF, IGF-1, synaptogenesis, autophagy and blood flow.  

To consume enough resveratrol to increase NAD+, you’ll need to supplement with it. 

Resveratrol is included in this supplement.

9. Apigenin

Apigenin is an antioxidant compound found in a wide variety of plants and herbs. 

Research shows that consuming apigenin results in higher intracellular NAD+ levels (15-16).  

You can’t supplement with pure apigenin because it’s unstable by itself but high amounts of apigenin can be found in certain foods and herbs, such as chamomile and bacopa.  

It can also be found in parsley, onions, oranges. These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

10. Leucine

Leucine is one of three branched chain amino acids (BCAA).  

It's an essential amino acid, meaning you’ll need to get it from food or supplements.  

Athletes and bodybuilders often take it as a supplement because it helps increase energy, improve strength and build muscle. 

Research shows that leucine supplementation increases intracellular NAD+ levels and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction (17-18).  

You can get leucine from protein-rich foods, such as fish, chicken and turkey.  These foods are included in my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health. 

But you may want to supplement with it if your goal is to increase NAD+. It’s included in this supplement.

11. Reduce Inflammation

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Reducing inflammation throughout your entire body is a key step towards increasing your NAD+ levels naturally. 

Research shows that chronic inflammation impairs the synthesis of NAD+ and significantly reduces NAD+ levels (23).  

There are many causes of chronic inflammation, including infections, mold, brain injuries, and leaky brain.  

But one of the most common causes – and the one you have the most control over – is your diet.  

That’s why I recommend following an anti-inflammatory diet and avoiding foods such as gluten and dairy that can trigger inflammation in the gut and brain.  

You should also remove processed food from your diet, and increase your intake of vegetables, fruits, wild fish, grass-fed beef and organic chicken.  

Check out my Free Grocery Shopping Guide for Optimal Brain Health for a full list of anti-inflammatory foods.  

Other steps you can take to reduce inflammation include reducing stress, exercising, improving gut health, treating infections and getting enough sleep. 

Make sure you also check out this article for 23 effective ways to reduce inflammation in the brain.

And this supplement helps reduce inflammation in the brain.

12. Niacinamide

Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is the water-soluble, active form of Vitamin B3 (niacin). 

It’s often taken as a supplement.  

Niacinamide is one of the precursors to NAD+ and therefore supplementation can increase levels and improve mitochondrial function. 

Studies have shown that niacinamide supplementation results in a striking increase in brain NAD+ levels (19).  

Niacinamide is included in this supplement. 

13. Optimize Your Circadian Rhythm

Research shows that your circadian rhythm regulates the synthesis of NAD+ and affects NAD+ levels (24).  

Even mild changes in our external environment (i.e. blue lighting at night) can affect our circadian rhythm and reduce NAD+ production, negatively altering our cognition. 

I work with my clients so that they can optimize their circadian rhythm. We have free online workshop that talks about how you can work with us. You can register for the workshop here.

14. Succinic Acid

Succinic acid, also known as succinate, is an intermediate molecule of the Krebs cycle that plays a significant role in the electron transport chain.  

It has been shown to increase NAD+ levels and increase the NAD+/NADH ratio (20).  

Succinic acid can be purchased and taken as a supplement to boost energy production. 

Succinic acid is included in this supplement.

15. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide.  

It's most recognized for its role in the synthesis of NAD+.  

Studies show that NMN is effective at restoring NAD+ levels (22).  

And researchers suggest that supplementing with NMN can counteract many diseases of aging, including neurodegenerative diseases (21). 

16. Avoid Alcohol

Alcohol is a neurotoxin that wreaks havoc on the brain by raising cortisol levels, disrupting the blood-brain barrier, and increasing inflammation and oxidative stress.  

It also lowers your NAD+ levels. 

Alcohol has been shown to reduce NAD+ levels and lower the cellular NAD+/NADH redox ratio (25-26).  

There are ways to protect your brain from alcohol, but you’re better off avoiding it completely or significantly reducing your consumption if you’re trying to heal. I personally don’t drink alcohol at all anymore. 

If you do decide to drink it, this post explains that some types of alcohol are better than others. 

Enjoy This Article? You Might Also Like My FREE Food Guide for Optimal Brain and Mental Health!

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Live Optimally,

Jordan Fallis

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References: 

(1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616265/ 

(2) https://rupress.org/jcb/article/199/2/205/37060/Exploring-the-therapeutic-space-around-NAD 

(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694488/ 

(4) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694488/ 

(5) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414487/ 

(6) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2018.00062/full 

(7) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2018.00062/full 

(8) https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4567/ 

(9) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312803 

(10) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682224 

(11) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058345 

(12) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277084/ 

(13) http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4421/version/1 

(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3858599/ 

(15) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819727/ 

(16) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609577/ 

(17) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819727/ 

(18) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967499/ 

(19) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10566977 

(20) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058345 

(21) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786309 

(22) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204926/ 

(23) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112140/ 

(24) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738420/ 

(25) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484320/ 

(26) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407471 

(27) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721479 

(28) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065857/ 

(29) https://www.jospt.org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2010.3294 

(30) https://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/9/3139.short 

(31) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22848760 

(32) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112140/ 

(33) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10071523 

(34) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23922501 

(35) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2651433/ 

(36) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16988050/ 

(37) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134388 

(38) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8101414 

(39) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9013405 

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